Augustin-Jean Fresnel
1788–1827, Broglie, Normandy, France, Ville-d'Avray, France
French physicist and engineer who advanced the wave theory of light, developed diffraction theory, and designed the Fresnel lighthouse lens.
Born in Broglie, Normandy, Fresnel trained at the École Polytechnique and École des Ponts et Chaussées before working as a civil engineer. He began optical research during leave in 1815 and developed a mathematical and experimental foundation for the wave theory of light, including diffraction, polarization, and double refraction.
He developed an account of diffraction based on the superposition of secondary waves and made major contributions to the theory of polarization. His stepped Fresnel-lens design helped lighthouse lamps direct light more efficiently.
Workplaces: Corps des ponts et chaussées, French Lighthouse Commission, French Academy of Sciences
France