Physic Labs

Physical chemistry

Surface adsorption

Adsorption accumulates molecules at a surface; Langmuir and BET models describe monolayer and multilayer uptake.

Distinguish surface adsorption from bulk absorption. Physisorption is mainly dispersive and often reversible; chemisorption forms more specific bonds.

Adsorption models

Adsorption accumulates molecules at a surface; Langmuir and BET models describe monolayer and multilayer uptake.

Definition: Core definition

Langmuir assumes equivalent, independent sites and one layer; BET extends the model to multilayer adsorption.

θ=Kp1+Kp\theta=\frac{Kp}{1+Kp}

Example: Worked example

Apply the model to a simple case: As p rises, Langmuir approaches θ→1 as a monolayer saturates. BET uses adsorption near vapor saturation to estimate porous-material surface area.

Solution

As p rises, Langmuir approaches θ→1 as a monolayer saturates. BET uses adsorption near vapor saturation to estimate porous-material surface area.

Langmuir assumes equivalent, independent sites and one layer; BET extends the model to multilayer adsorption.

Adsorption models
QuantityModel / rule
Key relationAdsorption accumulates molecules at a surface; Langmuir and BET models describe monolayer and multilayer uptake.
Meaning / useAs p rises, Langmuir approaches θ→1 as a monolayer saturates. BET uses adsorption near vapor saturation to estimate porous-material surface area.

What type of layer does ideal Langmuir adsorption assume?

Which statement best matches the model described?

References

  1. Stephen Brunauer (1945). Adsorption of Gases on Solids